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    Ekphrasis in the Oral Tradition: The Mongolian Epic as an Example
    A Jingsi
    Contemporary Foreign Languages Studies 2023, 23 (5): 185-192. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8921.2023.05.019
    as a representativ Abstract （666） affecting the heal HTML （7） the incidence PDF（pc） （1431KB）（42491） and mortality rate Save
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    China Alzheimer Report 2024
    WANG Gang, QI Jinlei, LIU Xinya, REN Rujing, LIN Shaohui, HU Yisong, LI Haixia, XIE Xinyi, WANG Jintao, LI Jianping, ZHU Yikang, GAO Mengyi, YANG Junjie, WANG Yiran, JING Yurong, GENG Jieli, ZHI Nan, CAO Wenwei, XU Qun, YU Xiaoping, ZHU Yuan, ZHOU Ying, WANG Lin, GAO Chao, LI Binyin, CHEN Shengdi, YUAN Fang, DOU Ronghua, LIU Xiaoyun, LI Xuena, YIN Yafu, CHANG Yan, XU Gang, XIN Jiawei, ZHONG Yanting, LI Chunbo, WANG Ying, ZHOU Maigeng, CHEN Xiaochun, representing the China Alzheimer's Disease Report Writing Group
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice 2024, 23 (03): 219-256. DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.001
    imposing substanti Abstract （27725） society HTML （2562） and the entire hea PDF（pc） （3637KB）（39290） Shanghai Jiao Tong Save

    With the sustained growth of economy and significant changes in social demographics, the issue of elderly-related diseases has increasingly drawn particular attention. Alzheimer's disease (AD),as a representative neurodegenerative diseases has become a major challenge, affecting the health and quality of life among the elderly population severely. In recent years, the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of AD have increased in China, imposing substantial economic burdens on families, society, and the entire healthcare system. To proactively address this challenge and respond to the national 'Healthy China Action' initiative, leading experts from Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control Center, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Fujian Medical University, and other authoritative institutions, have jointly authored the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024'. Building upon previous editions of 2021, 2022, and 2023, this report updates epidemiological data on AD in China, thoroughly analyzes the latest economic burdens of the disease, and comprehensively evaluates the current status of AD diagnosis and treatment services, as well as the allocation of public health resources in our country. The release of the 'China Alzheimer Disease Report 2024' not only reflects China's progress and efforts in AD research and prevention, but also underscores the heightened social concern for elderly health issues. It aims to provide scientific and technical guidance and robust data support for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD, offering a professional basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate targeted health policies and intervention measures. Furthermore, it serves as a platform for promoting academic exchanges and cooperation in this field domestically and internationally. Through the dissemination and application of this report, we anticipate it will not only serve as a reference for professionals but also enhance public awareness of AD, promote active participation across various sectors of society, and jointly advance the development of elderly health care in China, empowering us towards achieving 'healthy aging'. 继续了解

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    A Track Association Algorithm of Radar and ESM Based on Type B Grey Correlation
    GU Yixiu, LI Jun, QIU Lingcun, CAO Zheng
    Air & Space Defense 2019, 2 (4): 46-50.
    In order to solve the problem of the track association of radar and ESM at the same platform, this paper provides a track correlation algorithm based on type B grey correlation. First, the ESM data is smoothed based on GAM. Then, the temporal and space alignment of the radar and ESM data is achieved by coordinate transformation for the radar data. Finally, the type B grey correlation between the different track pairs of radar and ESM is figured out and the determination rules of track association are established to select,track association pairs. The simulation results show that proposed algorithm can accomplish the track association of radar and ESM effectively.
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    Interpretation of the 2022 edition of “guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis in China”
    XU Bojin, PENG Wenfang, HUANG Shan
    Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice 2023, 28 (06): 512-519. DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.06.05
    Ruijin Hospital Abstract （3677） Fujian Medical Uni HTML （129） and other authorit PDF（pc） （889KB）（13443） 2022 Save

    “Guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis in China” (2022) (referred to as the “guidelines”) was officially published in August 2022 in the Chinese Journal of Endocrine Metabolism. These guidelines have been extensively updated from the 2007 version, with 15 sections covering the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyperthyroidism, as well as the management of specific types of thyrotoxicosis. The new version guidelines proposed 107 recommended opinions supported by stronger evidence, offering comprehensive and reliable guidance for clinical doctors and medical professionals dealing with thyrotoxicosis. This article aimed to extract the key points and recommended strategies from the guidelines to help clinical doctors better understand and apply the latest guiding principles. 继续了解

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    Journal of Internal Medicine Concepts & Practice 2021, 16 (03): 220-224. DOI: 10.16138/j.1673-6087.2021.03.018
    and 2023 Abstract （1097） this report update HTML （13） thoroughly analyze PDF（pc） （531KB）（13121） as well as the all Save
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    Trends in global major disease burden and health conditions—interpretation of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021
    FAN Bonan, LI Yan
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice 2024, 23 (05): 474-483. DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.05.003
    but also underscor Abstract （5827） diagnosis HTML （224） and treatment of A PDF（pc） （3009KB）（12269） it serves as a pla Save

    The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) analyzed 371 diseases and injuries using 100,983 data sources, estimating years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years, and healthy life expectancy. From 1990 to 2019, the annual rate of change in global all-cause mortality ranged from -0.9% to 2.4%, while deaths increased by 10.8% and 7.5% in 2020 and 2021 respectively due to COVID-19. In 2021, COVID-19 was the second lea-ding cause of death globally, with a mortality rate of 94.0 per 100 000. The mortality rates of other major causes, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke were 108.7 and 87.4 per 100 000, respectively. Global life expectancy rose from 65.5 years in 1990 to 73.3 years in 2019 but dropped to 71.7 years in 2021 due to COVID-19, which reduced life expectancy by 2.2 years, significantly impacting the trend of health improvement. In China, GBD 2021 data shows a significant increase in life expectancy from 1990 to 2021: from 69.9 to 80.7 years for women and from 65.7 to 74.9 years for men. However, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases remain major health threats. In 2021, these diseases had the highest burden among the top ten causes in China, with rising incidence and morta-lity rates. Major health risk factors in China include tobacco, hypertension, and dietary risks. This paper, through the systematic analysis of GBD 2021 data, reveals current trends in disease burden globally and in China, and proposes public health strategy recommendations. China should enhance chronic disease management, improve public health emergency responses, address health inequalities, and promote basic research and international cooperation to improve overall health levels. 更多阅读

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    Chinese interpretation of Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2021 (6th edition) and Ruijin clinical practice
    YAN Chao, LU Sheng, YAN Min, ZHU Zhenggang
    Journal of Surgery Concepts & Practice 2023, 28 (04): 326-354. DOI: 10.16139/j.1007-9610.2023.04.010
    we anticipate it w Abstract （2532） promote active par HTML （50） and jointly advanc PDF（pc） （4954KB）（12267） with 15 sections c Save

    “Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines” have been important guidelines for the treatment of gastric cancer in Japan and worldwide. The English version “Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2021 (6th Edition)” published in January 2023 consists of two parts. The first part includes diagnostic and treatment methods, such as surgery, endoscopic resection, chemotherapy, follow-up. The second part addresses clinical issues, including recommendations and explanations for clinical hot topics. This article will provide a Chinese interpretation of the guidelines and briefly introduce our hospital's clinical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

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    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice 2021, 20 (04): 317-337. DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2021.04.001
    clinical manifesta Abstract （13445） evaluation HTML （692） and treatment of h PDF（pc） （3337KB）（11670） offering comprehen Save
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    Interpretation of Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Bronchial Asthma （2024 Edition）
    ZHOU Yan, ZHANG Min
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice 2025, 24 (04): 415-422. DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2025.04.008
    The Global Burden Abstract （2074） 983 data sources HTML （100） estimating years l PDF（pc） （509KB）（11430） disability-adjuste Save

    According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence of asthma is 3 340.1/100 000, with a total of about 260 million patients, a mortality rate of 5.2/100 000, and 436 000 deaths. A 2012-2015 survey conducted in China shows that the prevalence of wheezing-related asthma among people aged 20 and above is 4.2%, with a total of about 45.7 million patients. However, the diagnosis rate is only 28.8%, and the control rate is only 28.5%, far below the international level, highlighting the urgent need for better asthma management and intervention. In March 2024, the Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) released the Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Bronchial Asthma (2024 Edition) (hereinafter referred to as the "2024 Guidelines"). For diagnostic pathways, the 2024 Guidelines improve the diagnostic criteria for asthma, emphasizing the evidence for variable expiratory airflow (such as bronchodilator tests, provocation tests, etc.). A "presumptive diagnosis pathway" is proposed for primary care and resource-limited medical institutions to improve the diagnosis rate and avoid overtreatment. In terms of staging and classification, the concept of "clinical remission" is introduced, defined as being asymptomatic for ≥1 year without the need for systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The classification of "intermittent state" is eliminated, and asthma severity is now simplified into three levels—mild, moderate and severe—with a dynamic assessment model proposed. The assessment system newly includes a type 2 inflammatory phenotype assessment, recommending the measurement of biomarkers such as peripheral blood eosinophil count (EOS) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to guide individualized treatment, while also emphasizing comorbidity screening and risk factor assessment. In terms of treatment strategies, a stepwise management approach is used for chronic persistent treatment, with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol recommended as the preferred reliever (Pathway 1) to reduce the risk of acute exacerbations. The management of severe asthma emphasizes the use of biological targeted drugs, such as anti-IgE and anti-interleukin (IL)-5 monoclonal antibodies, while the treatment of acute exacerbations is recommended based on the severity level. Despite the significant progress made in the 2024 Guidelines, challenges remain. Epidemiological data on asthma in China are outdated, highlighting the urgent need for nationwide surveys to reflect the latest disease burden. Diagnosis rates in primary care are low, and inflammation assessment and dynamic mana-gement are insufficient, requiring strengthened capacity building at the primary care level. Real-world data on biologics in China are limited, restricting their application in precision therapy. The application of information technology in asthma management is still at an exploratory stage, and technologies like 5G should be leveraged to enhance patient education and follow-up efficiency. In the future, asthma prevention and treatment in China need to further optimize strategies for early diagnosis and early treatment, dynamically identify inflammatory phenotypes, establish drug response prediction models, and promote AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment to achieve more precise management.

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    Interpretation of clinical practice guidelines for myelodysplastic syndrome (version 1, 2023) of National Comprehensive Cancer Nerwork(NCCN)
    SONG Luqian, CHANG Chunkang
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice 2023, 22 (02): 116-120. DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.02.002
    and healthy life e Abstract （1581） the annual rate of HTML （40） while deaths incre PDF（pc） （904KB）（11096） with a mortality r Save

    Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a diverse and common group of myeloid malignant clonal diseases in the hematologic system, with different classification and grouping, clinical manifestations and natural course, and the iteration of different classification systems and versions in history, resulting distress in the correct diagnosis, classification and treatment options. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the first version （2023） of Clinical Practice Guidelines for MDS in September 2022. The guideline is based on the clinical practice and standards of high-level evidence and the latest research progress, and its attracts wide attention from clinicians worldwide. Currently, many clinicians in China have insufficient understanding of MDS, and there is still a certain gap with the international diagnosis and treatment level of MDS. This paper interprets the content of the new guidelines, and compares it with the previous guidelines, in order to provide a reference for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of MDS at the current stage in China.

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    Summary and interpretation of the World Health Organization “Global Report on Hypertension”
    ZHANG Dongyan, LI Yan
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice 2024, 23 (03): 297-304. DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.007
    such as ischemic h Abstract （5440） respectively. Glob HTML （172） which reduced life PDF（pc） （945KB）（10853） GBD 2021 data show Save

    In 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the first document of “Global report on hypertension—The race against a silent killer”. which covers the global prevalence and management of hypertension, analyzes the mortality and disease burden caused by hypertension, explores the risk factors for hypertension, evaluates the cost-effectiveness of blood pressure treatment, and presents successful examples of hypertension management in many countries, especially the global implementation of the WHO-launched HEARTS project for hypertension control. Hypertension is a significant global public health challenge with severe health implications. Over the past 30 years, the number of people with hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication) has doubled, rising from 650 million in 1990 to 1.3 billion in 2019. Among the global hypertensive population aged 30-79, approximately 54% have been diagnosed, of which 42% are receiving antihypertensive treatment, and only 21% have controlled blood pressure. In 2019, elevated systolic pressure was responsible for over half of cardiovascular disease deaths globally. Increasing the global hypertension control rate to 50% could prevent 76 million deaths from 2023 to 2050. Population-level risk factors for hypertension include high salt and low potassium intake, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and air pollution. WHO advocates for the prevention and control of hypertension through measures such as reducing dietary sodium intake, increasing potassium intake, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, increasing physical activity, and improving air quality. In terms of treatment, WHO guidelines recommend antihypertensive medication for individuals with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. For specific populations, it is also recommended to start antihypertensive treatment when systolic blood pressure is between 130-139 mmHg. The use of single-pill combination therapy is also advised to improve adherence and persistence in treatment. The prevalence and management of hypertension in China are also noteworthy. Hypertension is a major cause of mortality and disease burden in the Chinese population. By learning from global successes in hypertension management, China can enhance its efforts in the prevention, control, and monitoring of hypertension, particularly by promoting the application of the HEARTS technical package to improve hypertension management. This report aims to draw attention to major non-communicable diseases, particularly hypertension, as a public health challenge. Through detailed data analysis and successful case studies, the report underscores the importance of hypertension prevention and control, providing scientific evidence for policy-making across countries. This collective effort aims to achieve the global goal of a 25% relative reduction in uncontrolled hypertension prevalence by 2025 compared to 2010. This article will interpret briefly the reports based on the prevalence and management of hypertension in China.

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    The consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of elderly myelodysplastic neoplasm in China (2024)
    MDS Professional Committee of Hematology Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice 2024, 23 (03): 285-296. DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2024.03.006
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    Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid tumours originating from haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, with a high prevalence in the elderly. Epidemiological surveys in Europe and the United States have revealed that the incidence of MDS is (4-5)/100 000, which increases with age，and the median age at diagnosis of MDS patients reaches 73-76 years. In Shanghai, China, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 diagnostic criteria, the average incidence rate was 1.51/100 000, and the median age of onset of MDS was found to be 62 years old in a survey conducted in 3.9 million people from 2004 to 2007, of which about one-third of the patients would be transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 53% of the patients would die due to infections, haemorrhages, or comorbidities triggered by cytopenias. Elderly MDS patients have their own characteristics in terms of both treatment choices and disease prognosis due to more comorbidities and weaker health. Clinical characteristics of elderly MDS patients include slightly higher white blood cell count, haemoglobin level and more bone marrow blasts than those of young patients, while neutrophil count and platelet count are significantly higher than those of young patients; the number of mutations in elderly MDS patients is higher, with an average of 1.8 mutations per patient, among which the mutations in ASXL1, TET2, SF3B1, STAG2, SRSF2 and TP53 are more common; while the number of mutations in younger patients averages 1.2 per person, among which U2AF1, ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations are more common. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only curative treatment for MDS, and myeloablative transplantation is feasible in young patients, but only reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) allo-HSCT can be performed in elderly patients.The natural course and prognosis of elderly MDS patients varies considerably, and the MDS Composite Prognostic Score, which is composed of the composite age (>70 years old), vulnerability index, and IPSS prognostic subgroups, is able to better predict the tolerance of chemotherapy and adverse treatment effects in MDS patients. This consensus is based on the latest evidence-based data in the study of MDS in the elderly at home and abroad, and has been discussed by the experts of the group, which aims to standardise the diagnosis and the whole management of treatment for elderly MDS patients in China.

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    Interpretation on the report of global stroke data 2022
    TANG Chunhua, GUO Lu, LI Qiong, ZHANG Lili
    Journal of Diagnostics Concepts & Practice 2023, 22 (03): 238-246. DOI: 10.16150/j.1671-2870.2023.03.06
    with rising incide Abstract （8996） hypertension HTML （344） and dietary risks. PDF（pc） （2270KB）（9742） reveals current tr Save

    In 2022, the World Stroke Organization released two new reports regarding global stroke statistics in the International Journal of Stroke. The reports updated the global incidence and mortality of stroke, evaluated the effects of gender and geographic factors, and provided updated statistics on attributable risk factors associated with stroke. This article briefly interprets the two reports in the context of stroke prevalence and disease burden in China. 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study findings show that stroke remains the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined in the world. From 1990 to 2019, the burden (in terms of the absolute number of cases) increased substantially, with the bulk of the global stroke burden residing in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries. Moreover, people under 70-year-old were observed to have significant increases in stroke prevalence and incidence. The five major risks for stroke globally include high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high fasting glucose, environmental particulate matter pollution, and smoking. Stroke prevention and treatment in China are facing great challenges. Stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability among Chinese adults, as well as the leading cause of disability adjusted life year lost. The incidence, prevalence and mortality of stroke in China are geographically high in the north, low in the south and prominent in the central part of the country; the prevalence is higher in rural areas than that in urban areas; the morbidity and mortality rates are higher in men than those in women; the average age of onset is lower than in developed countries; the overall disease burden of ischemic stroke is on the rise, but that of hemorrhagic stroke is on the decline. The awareness of stroke prevention and treatment was low. In conclusion, it is of strategic importance to actively establish a graded stroke prevention and control system that meets the national conditions.

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